tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-91435833903398469832024-03-12T23:06:25.921-07:00SPURS March 2013Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-69621443980786088632013-04-06T06:49:00.000-07:002013-04-06T06:49:39.487-07:00Endeavor Update 13-04-06From Chief Scientist Ray Schmitt,<br />
<br />
Blog Entry: The mother of all tangles...
<br />
<br />One of our missions on EN-522 was to rescue and re-anchor one of the
NOAA "Prawler" moorings that had come adrift. The Prawler is a unique
new type of mooring that has a surface float with a jacketed wire rope
suspended beneath it upon which a CTD can travel. The CTD is part of a
package that uses a clever ratcheting mechanism to crawl up the wire as
the wire heaves up and down with the surface waves. Once it gets near
the surface the ratchet is released and the CTD package drops and
collects a profile of temperature and salinity, transmitting the data by
inductive coupling through the wire to the surface pod, where it is
radioed via satellite to the scientists back home.
<br />
<br />The wire extends to 700 m depth, where it is connected to synthetic
line. There are two types of line used, the first after the wire is
heavier than water, then that transitions to line that is lighter than
water. Finally, there are glass balls for floatation, an acoustic
release, and anchor. The arrangement of heavy and light synthetic
causes the line to take on a sideways "S" shape in the water, since much
more line is used than the depth of the water. This makes for a
sizable "watch circle" that the buoy will occupy at the ocean surface,
but an "S-tether" mooring means much less stress on all the line than a
taut mooring would have, and the line does not get wrapped around the
anchor.
<br />
<br />When we recovered the top portion of the mooring from its drift
100km to the south, it was still working and collecting data and we had
no problem locating it and pulling in the wire. We found no synthetic
at all at the end of the wire, just an empty thimble in the shackle. It
looked like the eye-splice had failed.
<br />
<br />Several days later we sent the the acoustic signal for the release
to let go of its hold on the anchor. This allows the very buoyant
hollow glass balls to bring the lower portion of the mooring to the
surface. Waiting for the balls to reach the surface is always a bit of a
tense time in a mooring recovery, balls might have collapsed and there
might not be sufficient buoyancy to bring everything to the surface. We
could tell by acoustic ranging on the release that it was coming up,
but very slowly. It ended up taking three hours, but the bright yellow
hardhats were easy to spot a few hundred meters off the port quarter
when they did surface. We grabbed the balls and started reeling in the
many kilometers of line. The first section of buoyant line came in very
nicely, but we quickly ran into trouble with the heavy line. A lot of
it was muddy, so it had been lying on the seafloor in a big tangle. And
what we brought up was a series of large tangled knots, as you can see
in the photos. It looked to be a hopeless tangle, and prospects did not
look good for redeploying the mooring.<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />We were particularly interested in finding the bitter end of the
line, to see how it had failed. But because of the large tangle and the
necessity to make several cuts juts to get it aboard, we never found
the expected shorter transitional lines that the design called for.
WHOI mooring maestro Jeff Lord and crewman Paul Rousell worked
diligently over the next few days to untangle the mess. Jeff went over
every inch of the line and re-spliced the larger pieces and re-spooled
them on to the winch. However, since we could not find the expected
termination of the line, we did not know how much of the line we had
left. How a line could part in two places is a mystery, but the most
likely scenario has the line parting somewhere mid-length, then a short
length still attached to the wire but with no tension, was cyclically
whipped around by the vertically heaving wire rope till the eye-splice
parted.
<br />
<br />We decided to go ahead with the redeployment; we had brought another
anchor for the purpose. But since we did not know how much line we
had, we had to be flexible in the depth of water we chose for the anchor
site. As the mooring was deployed we had three different people count
the revolutions of the drum and use the minimum and maximum radii to
estimate the line length. The estimates came to about 2600m. It was
deployed with 3400m of the heavy line so we were missing some 800m of
line! These moorings were designed with quite a bit of scope but
clearly we had to choose the shallowest spot available. This we could
do by choosing where to release the anchor, as we trailed over 6
kilometers of line behind us. Fortunately we had a very good SeaBeam
survey of the bottom in the area that we had done last September from
the Knorr. Chris Duncombe-Rea searched for the minimum depth in the
data set and found a nice rise in the seafloor that would still give a
reasonable shape to the array of three moorings. We watched the
echosounder anxiously as we steamed for the spot, and the bottom did
come up smoothly. In fact we got exactly the same depth at the same
spot that the Knorr had measured 6 months previously! We steamed
another 300 meters to allow for anchor fall back and let it go. We
surveyed the anchor by triangulating on three acoustic distances from
nearby sites and hoped for the best.
<br />
<br />Fortunately, a few hours later we got word from the folks at NOAA
that the Prawler was working nicely. Its very gratifying when such a
big mess can be straightened out by smart, hardworking people, the
numbers fall into place nicely and a novel contribution to our ocean
observing tools can be put right again!
<br />
<br />--Ray Schmitt 4/06/13Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-73712622258143296532013-04-02T06:19:00.001-07:002013-04-03T05:56:44.934-07:00Endeavor Update 13-04-02From Chief Scientist Ray Schmitt,<br />
<br />
Cruise Narrative, EN-522
<br />
<br />
EN-522 got underway at about 10:30 on Friday March 15 from the URI
pier in Narragansett. Seas were calm and winds were light at first, but
picked up as the day wore on and we got further offshore. Overnight we
had winds in excess of 30 knots and the ship slowed and altered course
to cope with the seas. Conditions had improved by Saturday evening and
we were able to make 10 knots again as we got offshore and entered the
Gulf Stream.
<br />
<br />
The Thermosalinographs were running and a sampling schedule was set
up for calibration bottle samples. An additional TSG was set up and fed
with a special pump and debubbling system utilizing a long hose
dragging across the water. The hose was held about 20' off the
starboard side of the ship well forward of the CTD deployment area.
When the ship is going faster than a few knots the hose is sampling the
upper 10 cm of the water. This system allowed us to sample any
near-surface changes in salinity due to diurnal warming or rainfall. It
was set up by Julian Schanze and tuned during the transit.
<br />
<br />
After eight and a half days of steaming we arrived at the SPURS site
under much improved conditions. Winds were light and the sun was
mostly bright for much of our time on site.
<br />
<br />
Sunday 3/24
<br />
The first order of business was to reset the WHOI mooring. The
releases were fired and the balls and line retrieved Sunday morning,
3/24. We did not have to recover the whole mooring, just the synthetic
line at depth. There was a concern for chaffing at the eyesplice
termination that caused us to do this line change, and indeed we did
observe some chaffing. The whole mooring operation proceeded without
incident under fine weather conditions. Completing the mooring
operation allowed us to clear the decks somewhat and move the small boat
to the main deck for easier deployment.
<br />
<br />
Monday 3/25
<br />
We used the small boat to launch two micro-gliders. Seagliders were
deployed from the ship. Two WaveGliders were recovered from their
holding sites near the WHOI mooring, They were snagged from the small
boat then lifted aboard with the knuckle crane. We then started
steaming south to retrieve a Seaglider, the Mixed Layer Float and the
drifting NOAA mooring (Pico- North).
<br />
<br />
Tuesday 3/26
<br />
This was a day of securing lost assets. Seaglider 189 had run low
on battery power and had been parked at the surface for some time. The
Mixed Layer Float deployed in September had some ballasting issues but
fortunately had not drifted too far afield. The NOAA Pico ?North
mooring had broken free about a month earlier and we hoped to collect it
and redeploy if possible. All three of these were found and retrieved
on Tuesday. The small boat was used each time, in the case of the MLF
and the NOAA mooring, it was to secure a means of lifting the gear
aboard the ship or bring the gear to the ship, SG189 was retrieved in
the small boat. That night we did a south to north U/W CTD section back
toward the mooring array.
<br />
<br />
Wednesday 3/27
<br />
We performed microstructure profiling with the VMP near to ASIP and
the gliders. Several of us went over the Sarmiento for "International
Salinity Summit Talks" and dinner while the Endeavor chased down the
remaining WaveGlider. This WaveGlider was steaming its programmed
mission but had lost communications, so could not be commanded to its
holding site. However, it was easy to find by following its assigned
track. Endeavor returned to Sarmiento before sunset to retrieve the
three scientists via small boat. Overnight we did CTDs at the corners
of the old mooring ?control volume? and UnderWay CTDs between.
<br />
<br />
Thursday 3/28
<br />
At 0800 GMT we fired the release for the NOAA Pico-North mooring to
recover the release, glass balls and line in order to be able to
redeploy it. It took three hours for the balls to surface, and the
initial (buoyant) line was reeled in easily. However the polyester
(heavy) line came up all snarled in large tangles. It had clearly been
sitting on the bottom, some of it was muddy. We worked hard to untangle
it but found that we had to make numerous cuts in the line to get it
all aboard. It looks like we would have to re-evaluate the plan to
redeploy the mooring, though Jeff may be able to untangle and splice the
line back to a usable length. This recovery took much of the day.
That evening we deployed a Seaglider and did a CTD calibration cast near
it when it dove. We then started a CTD section along 38 W to the south
with 1000m stations every 5 nm. The Sarmiento had found a patch of
fresh water intruding from the south in its SeaSoar surveys and we were
planning ASIP, Glider and VMP work in a suitable fresh intrusion site so
this section served in the search for the fresh intrusion.
<br />
<br />
Friday 3/29
<br />
After completing the CTD section we returned to the northwest to
retrieve Seagliders 190 and 191 with the small boat. We then steamed
toward ASIP for VMP profiling. By this time the micro-gliders were not
close to ASIP. We worked on improving VMP profiling by adjusting winch
settings and boat speed. VMP?s continued till midnight.
<br />
<br />
Saturday 3/30
<br />
We continued the CTD section along 38 W further to the south
overnight. We then steamed to the NOAA Pico-East mooring, launched a
small boat to secure a lifting tether and hoisted the buoy up at the
stern A-frame using the mooring winch. The old Prawler unit was swapped
out for a new unit. Our NOAA colleagues confirmed that it worked later
in the day. We then steamed to the WHOI Mooring and Jeff Lord visited
the buoy to check meteorological equipment, one system on the buoy seems
to be down. We will likely revisit the Buoy later in the cruise once
the engineers have diagnosed the problems. We then steamed to recover
the two microgliders, Helo and Saul, securing them just before sunset.
Plans were made to re-deploy with ASIP on Sunday at a site to the
south-south west so a north to south CTD section was done overnight
along 38 25' W.
<br />
<br />
Sunday 3/31/
<br />
We stopped the section at 23 50' N and steamed a few miles east to
retrieve one of last year?s ARGO floats that had developed a small
leak. We then steamed to the ASIP position and deployed Helo and Saul
quite near it. We then deployed the VMP first steaming north away from
the cluster of instrument then approaching again from the north along a
parallel section about 1 km west of their position. This was continued
till 2100 (local) then we restarted the CTD section further south along
38 25'W.
<br />
<br />
Monday 4/1
<br />
The CTD section along 38 25'W was continued, reaching 23 10'N. We
then steamed north back to the ASIP/Glider site for further VMP
profiling. After several hours the Sarmiento steamed into site and the
chief scientists discussed plans over VHF. The Gliders were recovered
at about 16:30, while Sarmiento recovered ASIP. We then began steaming
to the north for a CTD section north along 38 W starting near the NOAA
Pico-North mooring site. The NOAA mooring redeploy is planned for
tomorrow morning.
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Three nights ago our SeaSoar CTD failed. It
was probably a flooding, the second on this cruise. This is as unfortunate as
it is unusual, and affected two units that had been recently calibrated . We
were on our way towards the southeast corner of the initial SeaSoar survey to
confirm the location of the low salinity feature we encountered there a couple
of days ago. To our surprise the conditions at the surface had changed quite a
bit. TSG and ADCP showed a very different picture than only 4 days ago. What
seemed like a broad low salinity “blob” now was only a thin elongated filament.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">We spent the night trying to figure out
where this feature had gone. It was, after all close to 100 m deep, thus represents
quite an amount of freshwater. The rapid changes are once again confirming the
high variability in this ‘quiescent blob’ (as one might call it looking at mean
climatologies), affirming the need to study it in detail and on various time
and space scales.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The experience from that night led to the
decision to deploy all our drifter assets now, to give time for a repair of the
SeaSoar and furthermore to monitor the rapid changes within the SPURS box. As
an additional bonus we are able to repeat most of the SeaSoar radiator survey
with the TSG while we deploy the drifters and ASIP.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">It turned out that a low salinity feature
is now seen in the central eastern part of the SPURS box. Good drifter coverage
by the end of today will enable us to plan where we should focus on a
freshwater experiment, concentrating ASIP and additional drifters from the
ENDEAVOR in a fresh patch to contrast the experiments within the saltiest
patches. During that experiment in the last days of the cruise, the Spanish
vessel will conduct another SeaSoar survey to provide the large scale context
and might be able to examine the evolution of such an intrusion by following it
from the ‘fresh’ frontal zone towards the origin, which might be to the south.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9143583390339846983" name="_GoBack"></a><span lang="EN-US"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT0o_6FlFShsBavRtxxrKcHr03_LLxM844MrbgYa9nHMWIz___k9v8P9KosxugJyot4xwu9UktuGHaZ43o_MTvdlymazrIVAmNutt78TX8FY2vo1gR9pWhaDgmlhjHLiKJo80LsIVN4hE9/s1600/blogtsgadcp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT0o_6FlFShsBavRtxxrKcHr03_LLxM844MrbgYa9nHMWIz___k9v8P9KosxugJyot4xwu9UktuGHaZ43o_MTvdlymazrIVAmNutt78TX8FY2vo1gR9pWhaDgmlhjHLiKJo80LsIVN4hE9/s400/blogtsgadcp.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">TSG surface salinity with SADCP vectors averaged over the upper 100m before (left) and after (right) march 28th 2013 </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01577258303518825186noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-55171039941677135382013-04-01T05:17:00.002-07:002013-04-01T05:18:27.906-07:00Sarmiento Update 13-03-31From Chief Scientist Jordi Font,<br />
<br />
Sunday report:
<br />
<br />
- New ASIP deployment at 23 52.5', 38 24.6'. Will be recovered after 34-35 h
<br />
- Continued drifters deployment. All Pacificgyre released, now releasing
ICM units
<br />
- Picked up three ICM+LOCEAN prototype drifters released the previous day
<br />
<br />
Plan for Monday:
<br />
<br />
- Finish drifters deployment in the 75 nm x 75 nm central box
<br />
- 7 CTDs along 38 41.4' spaced 15 nm
<br />
- Recovery of ASIP and Apex
<br />
- Decide new SeaSoar + floats sampling strategy. Probably targeting
again the SE low salinity area
<br />
<br />
We placed one drifter (#114994) in the same point
where we had deployed the first one on the 27th (#114956) and that
apparently has never emitted.
<br />
<br />
Concerning multiple deployments, we released a triplet near to WHOI
mooring, another one outside (SE) from the central box where we had
observed the maximum S gradient, and a third one in the NE corner of the
box.
<br />
<br />
Now we have a certain shortage of drifters (CTDs and drogues being used
in experimental short-term deployments) and will just fill the 36 points
in the box without more triplets. We still will have four drifters (one
with CTD at 5, 10 and 50 cm) for work in the low salinity area we are
targeting for the last part of the cruise.<br />
<br />
Regards,
<br />
<br />
JordiUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-91345190437195898752013-03-31T18:19:00.000-07:002013-04-01T07:18:30.978-07:00Nights on a research vessel<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<span lang="EN-US">A research cruise is a twenty-four hour
operation. Some instruments, like the SeaSoar, need constant supervision. This
means the operators have to work in shifts around the clock. Other measurements
have to be taken at a specific time of the day, and sometimes the schedule
changes quickly and people need to arrange a spontaneous recovery of an
instrument. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglyooPg2gxNY0mBNbuZ4ZWK9n5m6Tr8vtRKoKnnIGsD9jnKA6oJi5MpGSTThuiRIAIfftbpAplNhl7eh3TSI80Sq2QNaaQNYih4iQIY-OJ6FbgByAZxPjFxjdPAjRgXSQR-IK5eHYiUgft/s1600/20130322-DSC_9798.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglyooPg2gxNY0mBNbuZ4ZWK9n5m6Tr8vtRKoKnnIGsD9jnKA6oJi5MpGSTThuiRIAIfftbpAplNhl7eh3TSI80Sq2QNaaQNYih4iQIY-OJ6FbgByAZxPjFxjdPAjRgXSQR-IK5eHYiUgft/s320/20130322-DSC_9798.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Night on deck of the SARMIENTO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW2XIlpQ2Hd9Z0pipeX_BDJ5xrjcnVV55r_ThXhO8v9aKh-aVgKfYHCjb1IZvmOJW_wwtTURVqVNUruwNELTpmAbx992e0GiwcMK4TUlOZlB31Y8zcZizJ8tV9mkUVwGfnB0i3EoJ2fAej/s1600/20130322-DSC_9800.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW2XIlpQ2Hd9Z0pipeX_BDJ5xrjcnVV55r_ThXhO8v9aKh-aVgKfYHCjb1IZvmOJW_wwtTURVqVNUruwNELTpmAbx992e0GiwcMK4TUlOZlB31Y8zcZizJ8tV9mkUVwGfnB0i3EoJ2fAej/s320/20130322-DSC_9800.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kintxo and Miquel check the APEX float before the deployment</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US">Nonetheless there are moments to relax and
enjoy the views of the deep blue ocean at day or gaze at the white moon
reflecting of the black sea surface at night.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The nights on the vessel are impressive.
The sky is usually clear and there is nothing around us that emits light, except
for the ship. The perfect opportunity to sit on deck and watch the moon and
stars while the ship gently rocks on the waves.Yesterday we had full moon and the views of the moon are simply fascinating at night.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Q9QGKkALLGbmb9__MDroJZFtcmBPdyTjzl56fO-OSzWyGORALzc821UWMoMHU-GqTDmGVEG4mHAGvZqqMzVD4IkT26nboqBZzImGOmpkcjjAYDXSt3LYIwN607RF9EQ9f3CjGLhHePNs/s1600/20130322-DSC_9784.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Q9QGKkALLGbmb9__MDroJZFtcmBPdyTjzl56fO-OSzWyGORALzc821UWMoMHU-GqTDmGVEG4mHAGvZqqMzVD4IkT26nboqBZzImGOmpkcjjAYDXSt3LYIwN607RF9EQ9f3CjGLhHePNs/s320/20130322-DSC_9784.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The moon light causes a halo in the night sky</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib1Y9jc-bcfvYe3a1TIv4yf8R2YeIZkLN1w9RMTxnkbgLlPcWSRwM9WgPTe1bYZzMiYu62QHIaVnTg5ycdrerL8mAgb1SsyzEf39q9REvYbpAz2qKYZifizOeJ4ZNXVC6caRRzykZSXAjS/s1600/20130327-DSC_0013.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib1Y9jc-bcfvYe3a1TIv4yf8R2YeIZkLN1w9RMTxnkbgLlPcWSRwM9WgPTe1bYZzMiYu62QHIaVnTg5ycdrerL8mAgb1SsyzEf39q9REvYbpAz2qKYZifizOeJ4ZNXVC6caRRzykZSXAjS/s320/20130327-DSC_0013.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ELp_VVJuTAaypKq9i-YvhpVmJAOu4SmW1lIXjq_8iUXyJ6VMf7OFtdAtePg_tHdpz7t2dPlHFjQtV-Zw8cqDdpdgguBjUOhtHdtsSrG1BRjhQQQJTlrwSFlsXpxziP9lK1F7eTuDCKz_/s1600/20130327-DSC_0051.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ELp_VVJuTAaypKq9i-YvhpVmJAOu4SmW1lIXjq_8iUXyJ6VMf7OFtdAtePg_tHdpz7t2dPlHFjQtV-Zw8cqDdpdgguBjUOhtHdtsSrG1BRjhQQQJTlrwSFlsXpxziP9lK1F7eTuDCKz_/s320/20130327-DSC_0051.jpg" width="211" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01577258303518825186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-65133419452128173082013-03-28T07:50:00.001-07:002013-03-28T13:30:35.537-07:00Visitors on the open ocean<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_j0F5rI1peUTVaxOhyTmBAAUqWDF1py97871sIZ809qQp1VG5A7wdqj8u8bE4nZh7H4nig21q3Hf6Sx9h8ebPnQwHC8VhbsTdzQZADfUR5r-QECN8wbO63R88pXG0BjymhmwHy2wxyZp/s1600/20130328-DSC_0086.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_j0F5rI1peUTVaxOhyTmBAAUqWDF1py97871sIZ809qQp1VG5A7wdqj8u8bE4nZh7H4nig21q3Hf6Sx9h8ebPnQwHC8VhbsTdzQZADfUR5r-QECN8wbO63R88pXG0BjymhmwHy2wxyZp/s320/20130328-DSC_0086.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ENDEAVOR</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To meet other ships up close is rare on the
open ocean. This made the rendezvous between the American ENDEAVOR and the
Spanish SARMIENTO a very interesting change of the daily routine. Since SPURS
is an international cooperation, the chief scientist Ray Schmitt, Chris
Duncombe-Rae and Julian Schanze climbed in the zodiac and navigated to the
SARMIENTO under the eyes of scientists and crew on deck, who were watching the
ENDEAVOR up close while the visitors were approaching.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdrMs9WAiaDn0ZGlps9_Oru0mDdJyh4MTN6MvIqvWl2J-W3r7-e34QbJUOTzhxXk673aPKKAkk89opmOpoMEvh5deSDUQp9OMwHOgPFrJCkuQm3cx5BAerDsHg6vYnnzVo8Lw6qLB_3yd5/s1600/20130328-DSC_0115.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdrMs9WAiaDn0ZGlps9_Oru0mDdJyh4MTN6MvIqvWl2J-W3r7-e34QbJUOTzhxXk673aPKKAkk89opmOpoMEvh5deSDUQp9OMwHOgPFrJCkuQm3cx5BAerDsHg6vYnnzVo8Lw6qLB_3yd5/s320/20130328-DSC_0115.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Watching the visitors </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The guests are all SPURS veterans from the
R/V KNORR cruise in September 2012 and everybody was eager to share initial
results and discuss the further planning.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">But first the guests were shown around the
spacious SARMIENTO and introduced to the captain and officers. Over dinner and
coffee the further approach for the mission was discussed.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihPczmxGtPocTfV4zP_DE1pIxO6Z7HL1Uy62d3oPvHlk2DHYzQPzpcx9r-4xctP7XPZBm1HOf1KfrKmcgo92TeDfK97l2RdKgpub9MjrGCy47MovdL2nzGg1RlWd6mswcIp5gbiZIgUqAb/s1600/20130328-DSC_0118.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihPczmxGtPocTfV4zP_DE1pIxO6Z7HL1Uy62d3oPvHlk2DHYzQPzpcx9r-4xctP7XPZBm1HOf1KfrKmcgo92TeDfK97l2RdKgpub9MjrGCy47MovdL2nzGg1RlWd6mswcIp5gbiZIgUqAb/s320/20130328-DSC_0118.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">While the ENDEAVOR will be busy with
recovering and maintaining instruments until the weekend, we will start another
SeaSoar deployment in hope to find a fresh intrusion like the one we saw on the
Southern end of the first SeaSoar sections. This will provide an opportunity to
deploy instruments from both ships and map the region around the feature.
Helping us to understand how freshwater is carried into the region and
eventually enhanced in salinity again, due to exchange of moisture to the
atmosphere.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01577258303518825186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-12798484790117519492013-03-28T07:06:00.000-07:002013-03-28T10:09:00.105-07:00Sarmiento Update 13-03-27From Chief Scientist Jordi Font:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaMuZPT8XlNZoqM03sl5hFq2UwFyCbWAgMjJW10ZNbIa5D5DYHZ1ZePx9HvT6v1wNIqJ8cUtaBtwfuQvGllnTkx2BtMrnfpSvF7B3RKD4WcMNbEhL-0pZhOoHpvDpQGEnoppDST6v5nAIT/s1600/Jordi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaMuZPT8XlNZoqM03sl5hFq2UwFyCbWAgMjJW10ZNbIa5D5DYHZ1ZePx9HvT6v1wNIqJ8cUtaBtwfuQvGllnTkx2BtMrnfpSvF7B3RKD4WcMNbEhL-0pZhOoHpvDpQGEnoppDST6v5nAIT/s320/Jordi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Last night we started releasing Luca's drifters (#114956, 114955,
114905, 114906, and a triplet 114814-114952-114911). We deployed again
ASIP near to WHOI mooring and are now steaming south towing SeaSoar
according to the strategy agreed yesterday in the joint
Sarmiento-Endeavor meeting. Find attached a figure with release
positions and planned SeaSoar track.
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsrNIi8VSzV-hWU55vwugT4TV3umFTbDU8RL5p4oSY53JmvfxX2nty0KXuR6a7vRsFS6MV-5j-Y-NarA9ARhD5T0BNjVP1Dzwn9xAKoaf6BmKSmbw8bip0jVK_gxhz6xyQY-BWiSQt7Vlj/s1600/leg2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsrNIi8VSzV-hWU55vwugT4TV3umFTbDU8RL5p4oSY53JmvfxX2nty0KXuR6a7vRsFS6MV-5j-Y-NarA9ARhD5T0BNjVP1Dzwn9xAKoaf6BmKSmbw8bip0jVK_gxhz6xyQY-BWiSQt7Vlj/s320/leg2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
The rest of drifters will be released in the forthcoming days, using the
time intervals between ASIP deployments.
<br />
<br />
On Wednesday we also deployed an Apex float in 24.702 -38.146 to perform
shallow cycles (200 m). It has not been notified to the Argo system as
we intend to use it in short deployments. We will send its positions in
order to be included in the overall SPURS positioning data set (even it
only surfaces for a few minutes every 4 h). We plan to pick it up on
Saturday, after ASIP for a joint deployment on Sunday in the low
salinity area in the SE that we are now going to map.
<br />
<br />
You can see many pictures in our ICM blog
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.icm.csic.es/icmdivulga/ca/campana-spurs-03.htm">http://www.icm.csic.es/icmdivulga/ca/campana-spurs-03.htm</a> (<a href="http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icm.csic.es%2Ficmdivulga%2Fca%2Fcampana-spurs-03.htm&act=url">translated version</a>)<br />
<br />
Regards,
<br />
<br />
JordiUnknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-42586195752388945462013-03-27T17:45:00.000-07:002013-03-27T17:45:48.955-07:00Floating Tupperware<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">“Why did someone tie a garbage bag to a
piece of Tupperware and an oversized Styrofoam doughnut?” some cruise ship
passenger might ask</span> if they pass by the SPURS area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1ia01xlPfX9B4uOg41GxSEJgW9JmC7WmrJ0zWtBMSaOyPpV6IbFfoF9UkJvWi2IwR6_OF24ZMWUPsj0uG4Eptqijn0dQ1zaV04PN6VvqsX8KjIPafrkl4zReZXjgahJotLpRdZiX3agyp/s1600/P3270219.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1ia01xlPfX9B4uOg41GxSEJgW9JmC7WmrJ0zWtBMSaOyPpV6IbFfoF9UkJvWi2IwR6_OF24ZMWUPsj0uG4Eptqijn0dQ1zaV04PN6VvqsX8KjIPafrkl4zReZXjgahJotLpRdZiX3agyp/s320/P3270219.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Acceleration sensor from below (Photo: Anonymous)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US">There is no doubt that a lot of the
instruments we deploy look quite strange. But in oceanography it is all about
the inner values, the sensors that provide us with information to understand
how the ocean works. In this case the garbage bag is a drogue, which ensures
that the float attached to it follows the surface currents of the ocean. The
Tupperware is a waterproof GPS antenna for exact position data and the doughnut
is an acceleration sensor, which can be used to infer energy input into the
ocean by the wind and waves. </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk3evpM3ifTaNdoVJhKh3vHpuR-0EUHTghotomPZvwhStIPoHpXG44_JRvppqN0_fv_EM9Ixn-zwzwhEJdMDj2_yMyfhXlNMRy436JDAxHyPITolz75K8L7ji6qiZmBbNfOG1U03AGeQdp/s1600/20130325-DSC_9924.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk3evpM3ifTaNdoVJhKh3vHpuR-0EUHTghotomPZvwhStIPoHpXG44_JRvppqN0_fv_EM9Ixn-zwzwhEJdMDj2_yMyfhXlNMRy436JDAxHyPITolz75K8L7ji6qiZmBbNfOG1U03AGeQdp/s320/20130325-DSC_9924.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Simon Morisset prepares his surface drifters</td></tr>
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<span lang="EN-US">The system was developed at LOCEAN in Paris and
Simon Morisset takes care of the deployment on board. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">There are lots of different autonomous
platforms involved in the SPURS program. Surface Drifters of various kinds,
profiling floats and gliders provide a great coverage of the area both in time
and space independent of the ship. </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCOQ8BOwu6pYJTKweYkkKzorajGlD6ZtKAu6cEwQKHFjTkmXLMgJLuDyLbzIfw8IEYzDxn00wLgTbfjkw0-GDtKmIVrBwf54cew4jAshczCmBH0UgkYCrOTjH-nvJQccLJEJURn81yO_qT/s1600/20130326-DSC_9938.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCOQ8BOwu6pYJTKweYkkKzorajGlD6ZtKAu6cEwQKHFjTkmXLMgJLuDyLbzIfw8IEYzDxn00wLgTbfjkw0-GDtKmIVrBwf54cew4jAshczCmBH0UgkYCrOTjH-nvJQccLJEJURn81yO_qT/s320/20130326-DSC_9938.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kintxo Salvador and Miquel Rosell prepare the drifter</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">On the SARMIENTO we deployed three
additional types of autonomous instruments additionally to Simons surface
drifters. One APEX float which profiles the water column and a different kind
of surface drifter that measures gradients in the upper meter of the water,
using three tightly spaced sensors that record salinity, temperature and
pressure every second. Then there is also the ASIP (AirSeaInteractionProfiler),
which measures turbulence in the upper ocean up to the surface.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More on this instrument later…</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdyW6L_rKHfz-X82QVZWSykYEkydHQKIVwAhubjxE8znf7ptPlMQX5IhhL6L0yMEehPRdWD5sbhw4udb-LhqlZhlldoDaD_KbGBnzI8KsHzBZVJgnM-6RIRmmZshnw0KN2ZksWeQ8Xin7q/s1600/20130326-DSC_9976.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdyW6L_rKHfz-X82QVZWSykYEkydHQKIVwAhubjxE8znf7ptPlMQX5IhhL6L0yMEehPRdWD5sbhw4udb-LhqlZhlldoDaD_KbGBnzI8KsHzBZVJgnM-6RIRmmZshnw0KN2ZksWeQ8Xin7q/s320/20130326-DSC_9976.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">All these instruments need to be recovered
after deployment. Which should usually not be to hard, since all the
instruments send out precise positions via satellite. But the ocean is not a
controlled lab environment and sometimes things can go wrong…</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Then the odd looks can actually come in
quite handy in order to locate a tiny instrument on the open ocean between
waves and sun glint.</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01577258303518825186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-21111018840112988462013-03-27T15:26:00.000-07:002013-03-28T12:41:22.460-07:00A Beautiful Day to be an OceanographerPictures from Julian Schanze on the Endeavor, March 26, 2013<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
A critter crawling around in some sargassum</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVYu_Wrn9LiN1rV1C4oiblaun7NC28cBTX1SUJe77ibJd4gF1ROmQkxLiKDQlRadrSYBjtip08WQuAyuTxYAjXSIPKE4Mh1l6B70OlZde6zlfB8iJNi8uCV81WUxzx2H56k6-zcdZIOI9s/s1600/P3261488b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVYu_Wrn9LiN1rV1C4oiblaun7NC28cBTX1SUJe77ibJd4gF1ROmQkxLiKDQlRadrSYBjtip08WQuAyuTxYAjXSIPKE4Mh1l6B70OlZde6zlfB8iJNi8uCV81WUxzx2H56k6-zcdZIOI9s/s320/P3261488b.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Flat calm and glassy seas</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6QQhrFy-MB0cVhwAVlmuZdxwqUJADvasYjlS0-S9qptmHRPR0o4OIPZbBAzU1KO5aVDj2jQ3pdR4BIR97rE1tqXuJ2xfwwK60mCsxsONGdHHYXMJu2IIol4oFxJMxETKqwg47Dczy4kNQ/s1600/P3261491b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6QQhrFy-MB0cVhwAVlmuZdxwqUJADvasYjlS0-S9qptmHRPR0o4OIPZbBAzU1KO5aVDj2jQ3pdR4BIR97rE1tqXuJ2xfwwK60mCsxsONGdHHYXMJu2IIol4oFxJMxETKqwg47Dczy4kNQ/s320/P3261491b.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Sargassum</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXpfIbCpwX4t6uQUkSMtAr6h9YRrBeo9nGtk-VjQgwooa6GgRAADYYRfOzgQ_X8m47t6O1N8MZExW_qmDM1j5ZGouwF30Du_zIwNPgN-vArucxYYjJOdcxWkuSZ3JRug3OvpqibWID_ho7/s1600/P3261498b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXpfIbCpwX4t6uQUkSMtAr6h9YRrBeo9nGtk-VjQgwooa6GgRAADYYRfOzgQ_X8m47t6O1N8MZExW_qmDM1j5ZGouwF30Du_zIwNPgN-vArucxYYjJOdcxWkuSZ3JRug3OvpqibWID_ho7/s320/P3261498b.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Graduate student Alec Bogdanoff returning the above-pictured sargassum to its home in the sea. Behind him are wavegliders being transported home. In front the tip of one of the recovered seagliders.</div>
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-78949488520252205592013-03-27T05:26:00.001-07:002013-03-28T12:39:48.557-07:00Endeavor Update 13-03-27From Chief Scientist Ray Schmitt:<br />
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3/27/13 update from Endeavor:</div>
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Today the weather was perfect. No wind, glassy smooth ocean, sunny but not hot, beautiful sunrise and sunset, then a full moon. And there are hurricane force winds in a huge low pressure system far to </div>
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the north. We certainly chose the right spot to do oceanography!</div>
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Today we recovered a wayward Seaglider (at breakfast), a mixed layer float (at lunch) and the wandering NOAA mooring (at dinner). Perfect conditions for finding small targets, for small boat operations, and easy recovery of all instruments. Only downside was a few folks missing meals because of the timing of the recoveries, but nobody is going hungry on this ship, Archie serves up great food every day.</div>
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Tonight we will do Underway CTDs back to the north, then we will spend Wednesday collecting microstructure profiles near ASIP and the two micro-gliders Helo and Saul, which have been following ASIP as it is carried west of the WHOI mooring.</div>
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There was strong surface diurnal warming of about 4 degrees C, and a surface salinification of about 0.1 psu was indicated by the "Salinity Snake" rigged up by Julian Schanze (SSS>37.5). Hopefully tomorrow will have similar conditions for the VMP work.</div>
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We also managed to collect a bit of Sargassum weed, and photograph some of the inhabitants. Lots of Trichodesmium around as well, looking like sawdust on the water.</div>
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A great day to be an oceanographer!</div>
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Ray Schmitt</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-8776628327260984432013-03-26T05:39:00.000-07:002013-03-26T05:39:08.881-07:00Endeavor Update 13-03-26From Endeavor Chief Scientist Ray Schmitt,<br />
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<div class="p1">
Just a quick update from Endeavor. Yesterday we successfully released and redeployed the WHOI mooring. Perfect weather and Jeff was great as always. Today we launched 5 gliders; the two micro gliders were put in near Brian Ward's ASIP from the Sarmiento. We also recovered two Wavegliders.</div>
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Tonight we are steaming south to recover a drifting Seaglider, the mixed layer float and the PICO North mooring. If all goes well with those recoveries on Tuesday, we should be back on-site Wednesday for PICO mooring servicing (Prawler replacement on PICO-East) and if possible, the redeploy of PICO-North. And recovery of 2 more Seagliders and 1 waveglider.</div>
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And Jordi invited me for lunch on the Sarmiento Wed. We will play up the international cooperation angle, and plan some further work. They have been generating some nice Seasoar sections.</div>
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Weather has been good here so far, though there are hurricane-force winds forecast north of us.</div>
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Cheers,</div>
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Ray</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-85340462004334201362013-03-25T04:35:00.001-07:002013-03-25T06:35:38.010-07:00Slicing the Ocean<br />
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<span lang="EN-US">The deck of the SARMIENTO seems empty
compared to other cruises, where usually anchors, sensors and other bulky
equipment is piled up.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">On the deck there are only
two instruments strapped to the wooden floor. They look like well-fed yellow
fish with a propeller at their tail.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">These two instruments are called a SeaSoa<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9143583390339846983" name="_GoBack"></a>r and they are a key component to the survey we started 3
days ago. Once lowered into the water the instrument will be towed behind the
ship at around 8 knots while it uses its wings to undulate between the surface
and up to 400m taking continuous measurements of the water characteristics on
its way.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SeaSoar deployment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">These measurements include salinity,
temperature, pressure, oxygen and fluorescence. The towed instrument provides
much more profiles then a regular CTD sensor could achieve in the same time,
since the traditional measurements require the ship to stop in order to lower
the sensor. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Combining these measurements with the ships
underway system, which collects temperature, salinity and fluorescence at the
sea surface and maps ocean currents up to a depth of 600 meters, we collect a highly
resolved data set of the upper water column.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The detailed pictures that we got after
only a few days are truly fascinating. There is a sharply separated fresh
feature in the upper 100 meters in the South and little pockets of subsurface
salinity maxima detectable(see picture to the right).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw_lbIDxir3sYtM7GkLv2P0ngFtXOsfQ9AxPHzBiIG5p1T15k95KjArMLslZaqjkXCoBP11MXF2Cj8iFzPTKM9LefrvnwE4ZbyYQz3jZ3iThtu46D3AyY57tXSIIwTaEWlz5n4MK3BHX8-/s1600/blog_3d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw_lbIDxir3sYtM7GkLv2P0ngFtXOsfQ9AxPHzBiIG5p1T15k95KjArMLslZaqjkXCoBP11MXF2Cj8iFzPTKM9LefrvnwE4ZbyYQz3jZ3iThtu46D3AyY57tXSIIwTaEWlz5n4MK3BHX8-/s320/blog_3d.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Salinity from SeaSoar and Underway systems</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US">In a few days the SARMIENTO will conduct
another radiator-shaped survey further to the south to investigate meso-cale eddies that
swirl in fresh and warm water from the south of the Sea Surface Salinity
maximum and by that contribute to balance the loss of freshwater due to the
excess evaporation in the subtropics.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq4jWrSvEIIAJJUaklJ7QhEtXSfjh1uV-HIRk3G4MFWpFIY2ZhQyAc885tDh4Hg_FUbQcLkjUPuJJUhzdqU_FOIGTjW74UV7m0DhArKEU8AOhZ2mH2yWUmGH8ngScRlsRR_PBjCOthyphenhyphenVoZ/s1600/20130324-DSC_9896.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq4jWrSvEIIAJJUaklJ7QhEtXSfjh1uV-HIRk3G4MFWpFIY2ZhQyAc885tDh4Hg_FUbQcLkjUPuJJUhzdqU_FOIGTjW74UV7m0DhArKEU8AOhZ2mH2yWUmGH8ngScRlsRR_PBjCOthyphenhyphenVoZ/s320/20130324-DSC_9896.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Watching the sunset. while the SeaSoar is at work</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-US">Meanwhile the R/V ENDEAVOR has arrived in
the SPURS area and will start working on servicing the moorings and autonomous
platforms around it. On Wednesday the two ships are very close to each other near
the central WHOI buoy and some folks might pay us a visit on the SARMIENTO, to
discuss the plan for the next weeks and maybe have a ham sandwich or two...</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01577258303518825186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-14167708559893747512013-03-22T14:26:00.003-07:002013-03-28T12:39:07.571-07:00Endeavor Update 13-03-22From Chief Scientist Ray Schmitt:<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYtJAVqM9ae104NE0anRO9y0rvJuvylf5ad8FuWsZTyWhddxsu9PjZvjs6KZrVNCOwCmWHRzPhCfC8SGI1YjlasnyO0X6a9AjYze46zlaqDgH5HcDZKnp0-5Q4iEWN3rnB5G86cWcew9fh/s1600/RaymondSchmitt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYtJAVqM9ae104NE0anRO9y0rvJuvylf5ad8FuWsZTyWhddxsu9PjZvjs6KZrVNCOwCmWHRzPhCfC8SGI1YjlasnyO0X6a9AjYze46zlaqDgH5HcDZKnp0-5Q4iEWN3rnB5G86cWcew9fh/s320/RaymondSchmitt.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Endeavor Blog: Going up the river of salt one more time.</div>
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As we slowly make our way toward the salinity maximum of the north Atlantic, there is not much aboard demanding immediate attention. Ships move slowly across the face of the globe and it will take us over 8 days to get to our site. Our instruments have been tested, and we tweak gear and get used to the ship. And the pressure of proposals and reviews never leaves, so sometimes it feels like you never left the office. We are just as reachable by email out here by needy editors as we are back home. </div>
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Nonetheless, there is time to reminisce, and since I am the old guy on this cruise I have more to recall than anyone else. I can claim seniority this trip on Endeavor, I rode on her in Narragansett Bay shortly after she was delivered in 1976. Captain Rhett joined her in 1982, and we have sailed together a number of times; I had 4 cruises on Endeavor in 1982 alone. The name Endeavor comes from a famous British ship used by Captain Cook in the discovery of Australia. There is actually a piece of the stern post of Cook’s Endeavour mounted in the library and photos of the Space Shuttle Endeavor as well. A great name for a vessel of exploration. </div>
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Though small compared to the Knorr, and thus more lively, one always feels that she will come back from every roll. I have been on her in some really nasty blows in the Gulf Stream, and she will be moving around like mad, but you always felt safe. Fortunately at my age I don’t get seasick any more, and though the first few days were pretty rough, we are now under light wind conditions and Endeavor is cruising along nicely. The sun is shining and we are under the subtropical high. Though a remarkably large and intense low pressure system churns to our north, sending long swell our way, it is so much longer than the boat that we simply bob up and down and don’t roll too much. The Captain headed south of our line at first to keep us out of the nastiest weather and it has paid off. A small ship like this cannot make good speed if it’s getting pounded by the seas. He and I trade tales about the old days, from weather to prior captains, ports and cruises, when I head up to the bridge to check the forecast.</div>
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But I also reminisce about what has brought me here. For it really goes back to one of my first oceanographic cruises as a grad student in the early ‘70’s. It was on the rusty old “Trident”, URI’s first ship. The cruise was out of Barbados, and we steamed northeast toward the origin of the salinity maximum waters for a while then turned northwest and ended in Bermuda. We were testing a new free-fall profiler of Tom Rossby’s and doing CTD casts. That early profiler had lots of problems but we did see interesting stuff in the CTD casts that led to my first paper and much of my research over my whole career.</div>
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What we saw were some interesting steps in the temperature and salinity profiles. At that time Melvin Stern at URI had recently shown how such steps could appear in the laboratory when the salinity gradient was strong and “salt fingers” formed to allow the salt to fall down through the water column. Salt fingers depend on the fact that salt diffuses much more slowly than heat. The warm salty water above can lose heat to the cold fresh water below if it “fingers” downward. This makes it become cold, salty water which is heavier so it continues to sink. It passes heat to fresher water which warms, becomes buoyant and rises. Such small-scale “double diffusive” convection can have dramatic consequences for the larger-scale temperature and salinity structure of the ocean. But we did not know much about that back then. I found it fascinating and learned enough from Mel Stern to make some fundamental contributions to salt finger theory. It was great to be in on the ground floor of a relatively new field. A matter of being in the right place at the right time. </div>
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Salt fingers had brought me back to Barbados a number of times. Just east of that tropical island we find the largest vertical salt gradients in the ocean thermocline and the strongest “thermohaline staircases” ever observed. For the thermohaline staircase is the fully formed expression of salt fingers in the ocean, where their amplitudes get large and strong vertical mixing ensues. We had proved this a decade ago, with a deliberate tracer release experiment. My WHOI colleague Jim Ledwell injected a passive chemical into the center of the staircase and was able to watch it spread in the vertical by sampling nine months later. The salt finger mixing rate was ten times as high as it is in non-staircase regions, solid proof that fingers were an important ocean mixing process. In a way, you can think of the staircases as like a series of water falls in the river of salt. We are presently approaching the “headwaters” of this salt river, the place where it gets the saltiest, highest up in the water column. The ocean circulation carries this high salinity water beneath the surface off to the southwest toward Barbados in a distinct plume we call the river of salt. Each of the subtopical gyres has its own river of salt, and we study this one to learn about them all.</div>
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We were there just 6 months ago, when we started SPURS by deploying an impressive array of floats, gliders, moorings and drifters. The structure of the headwaters surprised us in several ways. The salinity maximum turned out to be a plateau, there was a highest salinity that was reached in one specific patch of surface water and it did not vary much within that patch. Outside this water the salinity would swing wildly up and down but once in the saltiest patch it tended to stay at a constant high value. Another surprise was just how salty it was. There is a global trend for salty areas to get saltier and fresh areas to get fresher, a consequence of the water cycle intensifying with global warming. These ocean salinity trends are a foreboding warning of what may be in store for mankind as the globe continues to warm. A dramatic intensification of the water cycle means more intense droughts and more extreme storms and floods. Alarmingly, we found the salinity to be saltier than had ever been observed before in that region. The waters we are entering are certainly the saltiest in the global open ocean, though marginal seas such as the Mediterranean and Red seas do have higher salt concentrations. There is strong evaporation here and little rainfall, a sort of oceanic desert where water is leaving the surface of the ocean. The salt stays behind and gives us the river of salt, the water enters the atmosphere to begin the global water cycle. It is truly the point of origin for both the atmospheric water cycle and the oceanic salt cycle; a place that has fascinated me for decades. A place where we hope to learn how to interpret what’s going on with our global water cycle. And the water cycle is truly an oceanic phenomenon, the terrestrial water cycle that we depend on for civilization is actually just a small side show compared to the water cycle over the ocean. Given the how unexplored the ocean is, we learn something new every cruise. What will we learn this time? -Ray Schmitt, 3/22/13</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-41380961375368601212013-03-21T16:23:00.000-07:002013-03-21T17:06:35.450-07:00¡Vámonos!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-yQyvKJj4qmnxBCBuRPeOKFDV8EATiklw3mftxQKL9VWjEN2iRpBtZ12BN5lIJgz0K4QEpORVjxewDT-7tGIhuA7YUlSbkWvOyGk2AZ8Kfc6HevvS6M7YsuAjgj7tAql30p9j8x1VxDS0/s400/20130317-DSC_9700.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Leaving port in Las Palmas at night</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The Spanish research vessel SARMIENTO DE
GAMBOA left the Canary Islands on Saturday March 16<sup>th</sup> right after
sunset. The lights of Las Palmas faded away into the black as we started our
journey to the middle of the subtropical North Atlantic. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The SARMIENTO takes part in the SPURS experiment,
helping to understand salinity processes in the upper ocean on a multitude of
scales. We will arrive in the SPURS study area earlier then the American vessel
R/V ENDEAVOR and start a large-scale survey of the salinity field at the
surface and at depth. This effort is supported by salinity measurements from
space, autonomous measurement platforms and daily computer model forecasts for
the ocean. </span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh44vlMuegSt84Z-YbKQ8DxWkGQ_4ohLmZgE_N-p4PvWY0Yl61hAVCJD3hb0K0jy2jYfB8PyaafkWlNOphnchzpWDt79pkMfh4JHik1_cdluwhqxKfQCb6hj4D8hiurgBw6Z5YPSjxREC-1/s1600/20130320-DSC_9740.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh44vlMuegSt84Z-YbKQ8DxWkGQ_4ohLmZgE_N-p4PvWY0Yl61hAVCJD3hb0K0jy2jYfB8PyaafkWlNOphnchzpWDt79pkMfh4JHik1_cdluwhqxKfQCb6hj4D8hiurgBw6Z5YPSjxREC-1/s320/20130320-DSC_9740.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Zodiac is lowered to test the ASIP profiler before deployment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="EN-US">For the next month this vessel will be home
for about 19 scientists, 6 technicians and 18 crew members, making it a true
melting pot out on the open ocean. 6 languages are spoken on board (Spanish,
English, French, Catalan, Galician and Russian). Participants of this cruise
include members of the University of Vigo, ICM-CSIC (Barcelona), LOCEAN(Paris),
National University of Ireland at Galway and Columbia University/LDEO (New
York).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The long transit to the middle of the ocean
gives opportunity to thoroughly prepare every instrument and settle into a 24/7
sampling routine. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The weather is brilliant and the large
swells from a storm system in the Northwest spared us so far. The ocean around
has an incredible blue color only interrupted at times by Orca whales, dolphins
or bright violet jellyfish. This makes the chores of testing every piece of
equipment a little less hard, especially when taking a break on deck with a
fresh Serrano ham sandwich or an exquisite cup of Espresso. </span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01577258303518825186noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-77179061406512004482013-03-15T07:08:00.001-07:002013-03-15T07:09:02.856-07:00Cruise Blog at CSICCheck out the <a href="http://www.icm.csic.es/icmdivulga/ca/campana-spurs.htm" target="_blank">blog</a> for the Sarmiento cruise - in catalan!<br />
<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-31871836530600758532013-03-01T09:46:00.003-08:002013-03-01T09:46:50.753-08:00Sarmiento Cruise Plan v3.0From Chief Scientist Jordi Font<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>SPURS-MIDAS Cruise Plan v3</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="" name="_GoBack"></a><br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The SPURS-MIDAS cruise (Las Palmas de
Gran Canaria 16 March 2013 – Ponta Delgada, Açores 13 April) on
board the Spanish R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa is a contribution to the
SPURS experiment (Salinity Processes in the Upper ocean Regional
Study, http://spurs.jpl. nasa.gov/SPURS/) aimed at understanding the
processes that drive the upper ocean dynamics and the role that
salinity plays on them in the area of maximum salinity in the center
of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. The experiment is coordinated
by WHOI (R. Schmitt) and sponsored by NASA (E. Lindstrom), and
includes intensive field work with a large variety of
state-of-the-art instrumentation, the use of satellite remotely
sensed salinity information (Aquarius and SMOS), as well as dedicated
numerical modeling.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The cruise is a component of the
ICM-CSIC subproject of the MIDAS-6 project (SMOS ocean salinity and
soil moisture products. Improvements and applications demonstration)
funded by the Spanish R+D National Plan (grant AYA2010-22062-C05, PI
J. Font) that encompasses also processing and mapping SMOS salinity
data as well as numerical modeling work.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The Sarmiento will be in the SPURS site
together with the US R/V Endeavor in a coordinated program to
continue the SPURS field work initiated by the French R/V Thalassa
(STRASSE cruise, August-September 2012) and US R/V Knorr
(September-October 2012). The main role of our cruise is to run first
a general survey for mesoscale mapping of the area by means of TSG,
ADCP and undulating CTD (SeaSoar), and on the same time to deploy a
total of 48 surface salinity drifters in a 15 nm grid around WHOI
mooring. After this initial survey the Sarmiento will participate in
submesoscale high resolution specific samplings, as well as
performing turbulence (ASIP profiler) and other mixed-layer
measurements. Additional opportunity measurements will be done to
collect water and plankton samples for objectives from Spanish
researchers not belonging to the MIDAS team (ICM, U. Vigo, U.
Autònoma Barcelona). We may also pick-up a Mixed Layer Float (MLF)
from U. Washington drifting in the area.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The cruise plan can be drafted as
follows:</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 8: Equipment loaded in Vigo (NW
Spain mainland)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 10 or 11: Sarmiento de Gamboa
leaves Vigo to Las Palmas</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 16 (approx. 18h GMT): Sarmiento
leaves Las Palmas (28N, 15.3W) steaming at 10 knt heading 25.25N,
36.5W. Nighttime plankton haul (Neuston, daily while in transit).
During the first two hours a zig-zag track at 8 knt will be done for
ADCP alignment calibration</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 17 morning (time always GMT): 18W
approx., CTD test@500m, SeaSoar deployment test (navigation at 8 knt
for 3 h)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 18 morning: 22W, CTD@2000m,
plankton haul (Bongo, when daytime), Apex floats tests (total 6 h)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
(note: CTD always means + LADCP +
rossette water samples at <span lang="en-GB">0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 125,
150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1400,
1600, 1800 and 2000 m & Deep Chlorophyll Maximum</span>)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 19 morning/afternoon: 25.5<sup>
o</sup>W, CTD@2000m, plankton haul, ASIP float tests (6 h)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 20: steaming</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 21 after midnight: 31<sup>o</sup>W,
CTD@2000m, plankton haul</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
LEG 1</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 22 morning: 15 nm N of point a
(see figure 1), CTD@2000m (symbol <span style="font-size: medium;"><b>+</b></span>),
plankton haul. SeaSoar mesoscale survey (SPURS-MIDAS leg 1) starts
heading South (some 80 nm East of WHOI mooring 24<sup>o</sup>
34.867’N, 38<sup>o </sup>0.0’W)</div>
<div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The survey will proceed at 8 knt
following the N-S 75 nm tracks spaced 15 nm (letters a-r)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 25 early afternoon: interruption
of survey along track 7 (line m-n) to approach the WHOI mooring and
deploy several buoys (ASIP, Surpact, Apex), CTD@2000m. Survey resumed
after 4-5 h</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
LEG 2</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 26 evening: Survey ends at point
r. Starts deployment of surface drifters in a squared box
(SPURS-MIDAS leg 2). CTD casts@2000m at each corner (see figure 2).
18 out of the total 48 drifters will be released in triplets. This
will be done to study the dispersion near features such as fronts
that should be revealed by the SeaSoar survey. Otherwise the triplets
will be just deployed at the four corners and two near the center of
the box, at either two of the four center nodes</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 27: During the release of
drifters along the line p-o (between 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup>
points) we will go to the WHOI mooring area to recover the buoys
deployed two days before</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 28: At each release point along
the line n-m a CTD cast will be done down to 700 m to get information
on the surface and subduction waters, as well as to take water
samples for comparison with measurements taken in a S-N transect
along 28.5W by R/V Hesperides in early May for the FICARAM project</div>
<div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
LEG 3</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
May 29: Once the drifters deployment is
finished we will continue the SeaSoar mesoscale survey in the
southern part of the area, starting at point g (see figure 3). Three
2000 m CTD casts will be done to complete the sampling below the
surface layer.</div>
<div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 3: Southern survey ends at point
r. Shallow CTD cast for SeaSoar calibration</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
LEG 4</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 3-8: Targeted submesoscale
measurements on specific sites identified during the mesoscale survey
(1-2 days duration each). One of the samplings will be ASIP profiling
close to a WHOI turbulence glider now in operation in the area.
When/if possible plankton hauls and CTD stations will also be done.
The final strategy for all these measurements will be fixed by joint
data analysis with the Endeavor team and will be performed in an
optimized way by the two vessels</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 8: End of operations in the SPURS
site. Transit to Azores with some CTD casts and plankton hauls as in
the transit from Las Palmas</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 13: End of SPURS-MIDAS cruise in
Ponta Delgada (Azores). Sarmiento returns to Vigo, where equipment
and samples will be downloaded</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Figure 1.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5HS0kYjyCkh-diHQIXrnoeMt46S1sKY_hGWYkJvFnhyphenhyphenscVSiDFzqJp4Ps21JskIhjdLyamfYssgp_d03iK1psV8pHD-s1URrDkaUqq7vuEqwJgZu6rdpDCsCB1Fqu8_3UjYKMH15PLe8t/s1600/fig1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5HS0kYjyCkh-diHQIXrnoeMt46S1sKY_hGWYkJvFnhyphenhyphenscVSiDFzqJp4Ps21JskIhjdLyamfYssgp_d03iK1psV8pHD-s1URrDkaUqq7vuEqwJgZu6rdpDCsCB1Fqu8_3UjYKMH15PLe8t/s320/fig1.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Figure 2<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKJeaAV_lITTEuuUyrTBhBaQrm5wjZ8jre6Fs_X-CuWFEuyKjk8pN_JHAu2yA-hkoB36V1R0RRxIJmCkqUteil6mFaOb5PobAnPFr2b2yC_97OnyIFYlH6Gl_W8VMIV2s_Fnr322FunbiR/s1600/fig2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKJeaAV_lITTEuuUyrTBhBaQrm5wjZ8jre6Fs_X-CuWFEuyKjk8pN_JHAu2yA-hkoB36V1R0RRxIJmCkqUteil6mFaOb5PobAnPFr2b2yC_97OnyIFYlH6Gl_W8VMIV2s_Fnr322FunbiR/s320/fig2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Figure 3<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjihQ_MFKDQn4nllEB_YRYr0PrCWgv8AaFSHbzFRFQTIi2CE5dqKG9XamNtwlGYFscSyjPjFNzzAZrOIrTJnZxB_dAJ0llkaKdCVMmPNXdeUxOJOMRZdhMqI67TanNdXN2uGlfFNN_pT9Pm/s1600/fig3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjihQ_MFKDQn4nllEB_YRYr0PrCWgv8AaFSHbzFRFQTIi2CE5dqKG9XamNtwlGYFscSyjPjFNzzAZrOIrTJnZxB_dAJ0llkaKdCVMmPNXdeUxOJOMRZdhMqI67TanNdXN2uGlfFNN_pT9Pm/s320/fig3.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-2866930556503321032013-03-01T09:35:00.002-08:002013-03-01T09:35:34.052-08:00Endeavor Cruise PlanFrom Endeavor Chief Scientist Ray Schmitt<br />
<br />
<br />
<div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>SPURS cruise plan
spring 2013 Endeavor cruise (Endeavor-522)</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The basic constraints for the Endeavor
cruise:</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Dates: Depart Narragansett, RI, March
15 – Arrive Narragansett, RI, April 15, 32 days at sea</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Distances: It is ~1950 nm from
Narragansett to the WHOI mooring at 24° 34.9’ N , 38<sup>o </sup>0’
W, over 8 days of steaming both out and return, with weather delays
likely in the NE Atlantic transit that time of year. This gives our
working time on site of ~ two weeks.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Our tasks include:</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Servicing the WHOI flux mooring to
replace line and reset with a new anchor.
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Servicing NOAA Prawler Mooring to
replace the Prawler (PICO 3000).</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Chase down and retrieve drifting
Prawler Mooring (PICO 1000) if possible.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Retrieving three Seagliders and
deploying their replacements.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Servicing three Wavegliders, inspect,
repair, clean and redeploy.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Deploying UW Mixed Layer float and six
surface drifters</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Surveying with UCTD, CTD, ADCP</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Microstructure measurements with
T-Glider and tethered VMP profiler</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Work with R/V Sarmiento during ASIP
deployments.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
My thinking is that we can spend
roughly one week servicing assets, including moorings and gliders, about one week doing both a small “control volume” with repeat
surveys around the mooring triangle while the T-Glider and Brian
Ward’s profiler (ASIP) do several ~2-day time series, at least one
of which will be near the WHOI flux mooring. Another upper ocean
time series could be drifting near a feature of interest tagged with
a surface drifter. Of course, we must always figure on some time
lost to weather or chasing down the errant glider, but this is a
general outline.
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The control volume around the moorings
will be done with the Under-Way CTD while steaming, ships ADCP, then
tethered microstructure casts and/or CTD at the corners. We must
keep the Sarmiento scientists apprised of glider and Wave Glider
positions as they steam around with their Sea-Soar survey during the
first half of the cruise. Similarly, we must keep apprised of the
positions of the already deployed ML drifter and the drifting Prawler
Mooring for retrieval. Endeavor would be the desirable retrieval
ship for these assets for easiest return but Sarmiento may have to do
it if either asset drifts too far to the east.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; page-break-before: always;">
<b>Draft
SPURS Cruise Timeline for ENDEAVOR 521, March 15- April 15, 2013</b></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 15: Depart Narragansett, Steam
for 24<sup>o </sup> 45’ N, 38<sup>o</sup> 00’W, Operate TSGs,
ADCP, and underway data.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 18: test station (CTD ~ 1hour)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 19: test station (VMP
microprofiler ~ 1 hour)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 19-22: Continue steaming with
test stations as needed (including UW-CTD)</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 22-23: Arrive at 24<sup>o </sup>45’N,
38<sup>o</sup> 00’W, WHOI mooring release and redeploy. Launch
T-Gliders</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 23: Service PMEL mooring with
new Prawler. Retrieve drifting Prawler mooring if in range.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 23-26: Locate and recover
Seagliders, and deploy replacements with CTD at launch. Locate and
recover Wave Gliders. Recover and redeploy T-Gliders.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 26-29: Control volume survey
around the mooring triangle with U/W CTD, and micro-structure and CTD
stations at the corners. Deploy Wave Gliders when ready. Deploy ML
float.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 30 –April 2: Deploy T-Glider
with ASIP near WHOI mooring. Perform VMP time series nearby.
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 3: Identify salinity frontal
feature with input from satellites, models and Sarmiento survey,
Deploy T-Glider with ASIP for several day time series. Work with
Sarmiento to survey the local region.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 7: Recover T-Gliders, check
moorings, CTD stations at moorings, begin steam for Narragansett
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 7-15: Depart area, steam for
Narragansett</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
April 15: Arrive Narragansett</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-37335499910013347062013-02-25T13:24:00.000-08:002013-02-25T13:24:11.253-08:00Cruise Plan for the Sarmiento<h2>
From Chief Scientist Jordi Font</h2>
<br />
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US"><b>SPURS-MIDAS
Cruise Plan v2</b></span></div>
<div lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">The SPURS-MIDAS
cruise (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 16 March 2013 – Ponta Delgada,
Açores (to be confirmed) 17 April) on board the Spanish R/V
Sarmiento de Gamboa is a contribution to the SPURS experiment
(Salinity Processes in the Upper ocean Regional Study,
http://spurs.jpl. nasa.gov/SPURS/) aimed at understanding the
processes that drive the upper ocean dynamics and the role that
salinity plays on them in the area of maximum salinity in the center
of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. The experiment is coordinated
by WHOI (R. Schmitt) and sponsored by NASA (E. Lindstrom), and
includes intensive field work with a large variety of
state-of-the-art instrumentation, the use of satellite remotely
sensed salinity information (Aquarius and SMOS), as well as dedicated
numerical modeling.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">The cruise is a
component of the ICM-CSIC subproject of the MIDAS-6 project (SMOS
ocean salinity and soil moisture products. Improvements and
applications demonstration) funded by the Spanish R+D National Plan
(grant AYA2010-22062-C05, PI J. Font) that encompasses also
processing and mapping SMOS salinity data as well as numerical
modeling work.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">The Sarmiento will
be in the SPURS site together with the US R/V Endeavor in a
coordinated program to continue the SPURS field work initiated by the
French R/V Thalassa (STRASSE cruise, August-September 2012) and US
R/V Knorr (September-October 2012). The main role of our cruise is to
run first a general survey for mesoscale mapping of the area by means
of TSG, ADCP and undulating CTD (SeaSoar), and on the same time to
deploy a total of 48 surface salinity drifters in a 15 nm grid around
WHOI mooring. After this initial survey the Sarmiento will
participate in submesoscale high resolution specific samplings, as
well as performing turbulence measurements (ASIP profiler) and a
combined CTD stations-SeaSoar sampling for a mixed-layer depth
evolution study. Additional opportunity measurements will be done to
collect water and plankton samples for chemical and biological
objectives from Spanish researchers not belonging to the MIDAS team.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">The cruise plan can
be drafted as follows:</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">March 8: Equipment
loaded in Vigo (NW Spain mainland)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
March 10: Sarmiento de Gamboa leaves
Vigo to Las Palmas</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">March 16 (approx.
17h GMT): Sarmiento leaves Las Palmas steaming for the SPURS site
(around 25N, 38W), nighttime plankton haul (daily while in transit)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">March 17 morning:
18</span><sup><span lang="en-US">o</span></sup><span lang="en-US">W,
CTD@2000m, plankton haul </span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">(note: CTD always
means + rossette water samples)</span></div>
<div lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">March 18 morning:
22</span><sup><span lang="en-US">o</span></sup><span lang="en-US">W,
CTD@2000m, plankton haul, Apex floats tests</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">March 19
morning/afternoon: 26</span><sup><span lang="en-US"> o</span></sup><span lang="en-US">W,
CTD@2000m, plankton haul, ASIP float tests</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">March 20 afternoon:
30</span><sup><span lang="en-US"> o</span></sup><span lang="en-US">W,
CTD@2000m, plankton haul, more tests if necessary</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">March 21 afternoon:
34</span><sup><span lang="en-US"> o</span></sup><span lang="en-US">W,
CTD@2000m, plankton haul, SeaSoar first deployment</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">March 22 early
morning: 36</span><sup><span lang="en-US"> o</span></sup><span lang="en-US">W
(approx.), CTD@4000m close to French deep-Arvor profiling float,
plankton haul. Mesoscale survey starts heading South, some 100 nm
East of WHOI mooring (see figure)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">March 23 daytime:
Survey interrupted to pick up the Mixed Layer Lagrangian Float (MLF)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">The survey will
proceed at 8 knt following the N-S tracks spaced 15 nm (letters a-s),
with some CTD casts@1000 m (</span><span lang="en-US"><b>+</b></span><span lang="en-US">)
and release of surface drifters in 36 regularly spaced points (blue
dots), 30 single, 6 triplets. Plankton hauls in the CTD stations.
ASIP operations (and eventually Apex profiles) to be added to this
survey plan. </span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">April 2 afternoon
(estimated): point </span><span lang="en-US"><b>s </b></span><span lang="en-US">38.7</span><sup><span lang="en-US">o</span></sup><span lang="en-US">W,
mesoscale survey ends </span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">April 2-12: Targeted
submesoscale measurements started on specific sites identified during
the mesoscale survey (1-2 days duration each). One of the samplings
will be ASIP profiling close to a WHOI turbulence glider now in
operation in the area. When/if possible plankton hauls and CTD
stations will also be done. The final strategy for all these
measurements will be fixed by joint data analysis with the Endeavor
team and will be performed in an optimized way by the two vessels. In
between or after the above mentioned submesoscale measurements a
combined 1000 m CTD stations-SeaSoar sampling- Apex profiling will be
performed to study the mixed-layer depth evolution in an area of
approx. 100 nm radius. Duration is expected to be of the order of 5-7
days (details to be provided in further versions of this cruise
plan).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">12 April: End of
operations in the SPURS site</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">12-17 April: Transit
to the Azores. CTD stations and plankton hauls also done like in the
first transit</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US">17 April: End of
SPURS-MIDAS cruise in Ponta Delgada (port still to be confirmed).
Sarmiento returns to Vigo, where equipment can be downloaded</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="en-US"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="en-US"><br /></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-20549678409026274462012-11-12T09:40:00.001-08:002012-11-12T09:40:08.749-08:00Message from Jordi FontDear friends,
<br />
<br />I have received today the first solid information from the Spanish
vessels management comission that is preparing the 2013 schedule.
Pending official confirmation, our SPURS cruise on board the Sarmiento
de Gamboa (<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.utm.csic.es/sarmiento.asp">http://www.utm.csic.es/sarmiento.asp</a>) should start on 14
March 2013 somewhere in the Caribbean (connected to a previous cruise in
the region) and finish on April 20 in Vigo (NW Spain).
<br />
<br />As no major changes are expected, it is time to start the scientific
planning. I attach the original cruise plan (early 2010) drafted after
some discussions within the international SPURS team. At that time it
was expected to be the first SPURS cruise, in spring 2012, and hence
moorings and other deployments were included in the plan. Later on the
overall SPURS planning was changed, and our cruise was delayed by one year.
<br />
<br />In the SPURS meeting in Seattle last January, we envisaged the
possibility of having the Sarmiento cruise in coincidence with the
Endeavour, and then thinking on some parallel/complementary sampling.
According to the last news forwarded by Ray in August, it seems this
will be the case.
<br />
<br />Then I suggest starting a discussion within this list to propose a
feasible implementation of a 2 vessels campaign. Our 2010 cruise plan
can be substantially modified, as it was drafted to meet the SPURS needs
and this is still our current philosophy. We can accomodate on board
several participants from other SPURS groups (probably up to 12-15) with
their specific instrumentation and/or measurement objectives, either
those mentioned in the 2010 plan or others. Our available equipment will
include VM-ADCP, underway surface TS+fluorometer, CTD+LADCP+rosette,
SeaSoar, multibeam echosounder, meteo package, 10-12 surface salinity
drifters, and maybe 1-2 Argo floats. We can of course deploy instruments
from groups not embarking on the Sarmiento.
<br />
<br />You are invited to send suggestions and proposals of participation, so
that we can have a consistent and final planning on time to implement
all the logistic requirements.
<br />
<br />Best regards,
<br />
<br />Jordi
<br />
<div class="moz-txt-sig">
<span class="moz-txt-tag">-- </span>Jordi Font Institut de Ciencies del Mar
<br />Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:jfont@icm.csic.es">jfont@icm.csic.es</a> CMIMA - CSIC
<br /><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.icm.csic.es/">http://www.icm.csic.es</a> Dept. Physical Oceanography
<br />Tel: +34 93 230 95 12/00 Passeig Maritim, 37-49
<br />Fax: +34 93 230 95 55 08003 Barcelona </div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9143583390339846983.post-15731193368847471462012-10-22T11:17:00.003-07:002012-10-22T11:17:43.941-07:00IntroductionThis blog is for stuff related to the Sarmiento and Endeavor cruises in March 2013 as part of the SPURS Experiment.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0